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Athens, Greece European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA)

How does the EU fight cyber threats?

In today’s world, almost everything we do is connected to the internet: online shopping, banking, studying, working, and even healthcare or other public services. But this also means that cyber threats – such as hacking, data theft, fake news, and cyberattacks on infrastructure and individuals or companies – are increasing. A single cyberattack can shut down hospitals, steal millions of euros, or disrupt electricity networks. For citizens, it might mean their personal data being stolen or their social media accounts being hacked. To protect EU citizens and companies, the EU created the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA), based in Athens, Greece. ENISA works to make Europe’s digital world safe, secure, and resilient for everyone living in the EU’s member states.

Table of Contents

  1. 01 Key Information
  2. 02 Everyday Example
  3. 03 Good to Know
  4. 04 FAQ
  5. 05 What can you do?
  6. 06 Quiz
  7. 07 Summary

What is ENISA?

ENISA is the EU’s main body responsible for cybersecurity. It provides expertise, supports EU governments, and helps prevent and respond to cyber threats within the European Union.

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What does Cybersecurity mean?: Cybersecurity is the practice of defending computers, servers, mobile devices, electronic systems, networks, and data from online or digital attacks.



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Main Responsibilities of ENISA:

1. Strengthening Cybersecurity: ENISA helps governments and companies improve their digital safety and prepare for attacks.

2. Supporting EU Law: It makes sure EU countries adopt and implement cybersecurity laws.

Such laws are the NIS and NIS 2 Directives (Directive on Security of Network and Information Systems), which set rules for essential services such as energy, health, and transport and dealing with cyber security threats in various sectors.

3.Rapid Response: In case of large-scale cyber incidents, ENISA coordinates with countries and experts to reduce damage and respond quickly to any threats posed.

4.Raising Awareness: ENISA organizes campaigns like the European Cybersecurity Month to educate people on safe online habits.

5.Future Security: ENISA researches emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, 5G, and cloud computing to ensure they are secure and could not become a potential backdoor for cyber attacks to EU individuals and companies.

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Why is this important for citizens?

  • Protects personal data and online privacy.
  • Keeps critical services (banks, hospitals, energy, transport) safe from cyberattacks.
  • Ensures businesses and public authorities follow the same rules across the EU.
  • Helps citizens learn simple steps to protect themselves online.
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Everyday Example

– Hospital Attack: A hospital in an EU country is hit by a cyber threat, locking patient files. ENISA supports national authorities in restoring systems and preventing future attacks.

– Safe Online Banking: Thanks to EU cybersecurity rules, banks must use strong protections such as two-factor authentication, keeping your savings safer.

– Cybersecurity Month: In October, schools across Europe run workshops teaching students how to recognize fake news and avoid phishing scams.

Good to Know

ENISA organises Cyber Europe, a large EU-wide exercise where experts simulate attacks to practise defending important systems.



FAQ

What does cybersecurity mean?
It means protecting computers, phones, networks, and data from being stolen or damaged.
Is ENISA like a police agency?
No. ENISA doesn’t arrest criminals. It supports, advises, and coordinates between governments and organizations.
Can ENISA protect me directly?
Not individually, but it creates campaigns, guides, and policies that protect all citizens indirectly.
Who investigates cybercrime?
Law enforcement agencies (like Europol’s Cybercrime Centre) investigate crimes, while ENISA focuses on prevention, resilience, and support.

What can you do?

  • Use strong passwords and change them regularly. 
  • Enable two-factor authentication for your email, banking, and social media. 
  • Be cautious of phishing emails – do not click suspicious links. 
  • Take part in local activities during European Cybersecurity Month.

Quiz

Where is ENISA based?

What does ENISA do during a cyberattack?

Summary

  • ENISA is the EU's agency for cybersecurity.

  • It helps protect people, businesses, and public services from online threats.

  • Working together, the EU makes the internet safer for everyone.